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| Abdominal | belonging to or affecting the abdomen (portion of the body which lies between the chest and the pelvis) |
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| Acid reflux | backward flow of the stomach contents into the esophagus (muscular tube through which ingested food passes from the mouth area to the stomach). Acid reflux is due to improper functioning of a sphincter, a circular muscle which normally maintains constriction at the lower end of the esophagus. Acid reflux results in heartburn |
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| Acute | of abrupt onset. It often refers to an illness that is of short duration, rapidly progressive, and in need of urgent care |
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| Adverse reaction | An unwanted effect caused by the administration of a drug. The onset of the adverse reaction may be sudden or develop over time |
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| Airway | the path air follows to get into and out of the lungs. The mouth and nose are the normal entry and exit ports. Entering air then passes through the back of the throat (pharynx), continues through the voice box (larynx), down the trachea, and finally out the branching tubes known as bronchi |
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| Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency | inherited disorder that results in low or no production of a protein called alpha-1 antitrypsin. This deficiency leads to damage of various organs, principally the lungs and liver. Symptoms can surface at a very early age or in adulthood and relate to the lungs (with shortness of breath) or the liver |
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| Alveoli | any of the small thin-walled air-containing compartments of the lung that are typically arranged in saclike clusters |
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| Angina | any spasmodic, choking, or suffocative pain on the chest |
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| Apnea | cessation of breathing |
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| Arterial blood gas | measure the pH (acidity), oxygen content,and carbon dioxide content of the blood. The test is performed by collecting a sample of blood from an artery using a small needle. The sample is then sent to the laboratory for analysis |
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| Asthma | is a disease of the respiratory system in which the airways constrict, become inflamed, and are lined with excessive amounts of mucus, often in response to one or more "triggers," such as exposure to an environmental stimulant (or allergen), cold air, exercise, or emotional stress |
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| Bacteria | single-celled microorganisms which can cause infections to human beings. |
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| Beta-agonist | a bronchodilator medicine that opens the airways by relaxing the muscles around the airways that may tighten in COPD or during an asthma attack |
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| Biopsy | the removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the living body |
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| Bronchi | the large air tubes leading from the trachea to the lungs that convey air to and from the lungs. The trachea divides to form the right and left main bronchi which, in turn, divide to form the lobar, segmental, and finally the subsegmental bronchi. |
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| Bronchioles | branches of the bronchi and are smaller than one millimetre in diameter. They are the first airway branches that no longer contain cartilage |
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| Bronchoscope | a thin, lighted tube used to examine the inside of the trachea and bronchi, the air passages that lead into the lungs |
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| Bronchospasm | is a difficulty in breathing caused by a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles |
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| Bulla | emphysematous area with a complete destruction of lung tissue that produces an airspace greater than 1 cm in diameter |
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| Bullous Emphysema | type of emphysema characterized by the presence of bullae (airspace greater than 1 cm in diameter) |
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| Bupropion | antidepressant used also as an alternative medication for smoking cessation |
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| Cannula | a flexible tube that can be attached to the nose and through which supplemental oxygen is delivered |
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| Carbon Dioxide | gas which is the byproduct of cellular metabolism and which collects in the tissues, is cleared from the tissues by the blood within the veins, is carried by the hemoglobin in the red blood cells, and removed from the body via the lungs in the exhaled air |
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| Carcinogenic | chemical believed to be capable of causing cancer |
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| Cardiac stress test | diagnostic test using an electrocardiogra machine and a stationary bicycle or treadmill to look at areas of the heart that may have a decreased blood supply |
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Glossary V2.0 |
