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| Hyperinflated | lungs filled with too much air in patients with COPD due to the collapse of small airways during expiration |
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| Hypertension | also known as high blood pressure. By definition, a repeatedly elevated blood pressure exceeding 140 over 90 mmHg – a systolic pressure above 140 with a diastolic pressure above 90 |
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| Hypoventilation | deficient ventilation of the lungs that results in reduction in the oxygen content or increase in the carbon dioxide content of the blood or both |
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| Hypoxemia | deficient oxygenation of the blood |
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| Immunizations | general term for vaccination |
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| Inflammation | A basic way in which the body reacts to infection, irritation or other injury, the key feature being redness, warmth, swelling and pain. Inflammation is now recognized as a type of nonspecific immune response |
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| Influenza | commonly known as flu is caused by viruses that infect the respiratory tract. Viruses are divided into three types, designated A, B, and C. Most people who get the flu recover completely in 1 to 2 weeks, but some people for example those with COPD, develop serious and potentially life-threatening medical complications, such as pneumonia. Much of the illness and death caused by influenza can be prevented by annual influenza vaccination |
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| Insulin | hormone that regulates blood sugar |
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| Intercostal Muscles | several groups of muscles that run between the several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall |
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| Jaundice | a yellowish pigmentation of the skin, tissues, and certain body fluids caused by the deposition of bile pigments that follows interference with normal production and discharge of bile (as in certain liver diseases) or excessive breakdown of red blood cells (as after internal hemorrhage or in various hemolytic states) – also called icterus |
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| Laparoscopy | A form of minimally invasive surgery in which viewing endoscopes and small-diameter surgical instruments are inserted into the abdominal cavity through multiple small incisions instead of through large abdominal incisions |
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| Lung Function | refers to how lungs are working |
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| Lung Volume Reduction Surgery | a surgical treatment for patients with advanced emphysema in which 20-35% of the emphysematous lung is removed to allow the remaining tissue to expand more fully and restore some of the patient’s breathing capacity |
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| Macrophage | from the greek “big eaters–, makros = long, phagein = eat) are white blood cells, that ingest and destroy foreign matter such as microorganisms (during infections) or debris via a process known as phagocytosis. |
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| Metered Dose Inhaler | a device that helps deliver a specific amount of medication to the lungs. It is commonly used to treat asthma, COPD and other respiratory problems. Each inhaler consists of a pressurized canister of medication and a mouthpiece. Pressing down on the inhaler releases a mist of medicine which is then breathed into the lungs. Each time the inhaler is used, a precise measured, or “metered”, amount of medicine is released, which is then breathed into the lungs |
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| Morbidity | the state of being diseased (from Latin morbidus: sick, unhealthy) |
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| Necrosis | death of tissue in the body. This happens when not enough blood is supplied to the tissue, whether from injury, radiation, or chemicals. Necrosis is not reversible |
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| Neutrophil | type of white blood cell capable of ingesting microorganisms or particles |
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| Nortryptyline | type of antidepressant |
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| Obliterative bronchiolitis | a process that occurs after a transplantation in which lung tissue grows out of control blocks the airways or changes their shape so that they cannot function properly |
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| Obstructive | is a respiratory problem caused by increased airway resistance that reduces the amount of air inhaled in each breath and the oxygen that reaches the pulmonary arteries |
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| Osteoporosis | a condition characterized by decrease in bone mass with decreased density and enlargement of bone spaces producing porosity and brittleness. Osteoporosis predisposes a person to fractures, which are often slow to heal and heal poorly. It is more common in older adults, particularly post-menopausal women and in patients on steroids. Unchecked osteoporosis can lead to changes in posture, physical abnormality, particularly the form of hunched back known colloquially as “dowager’s hump”, and decreased mobility |
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| Oximeter | medical device that indirectly measures the amount of oxygen in a patient’s blood. It is often attached to a medical monitor so staff can directly read a patient’s oxygenation at all times |
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| Oxygen | colorless, odorless and tasteless gas that makes up about 20% of the air we breathe (and at least half the weight of the entire solid crust of the earth) and which combines with most of the other elements to form oxides. Oxygen is essential to human, animal and plant life |
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| Oxygen saturation | measures the percentage of hemoglobin binding sites in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen |
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Glossary V2.0 |
