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| Pathological | studies the processes underlying disease or “something is pathological” means that something is related to an illness |
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| Peak Flow Meter | A small, hand-held device used to manage asthma by monitoring airflow through the bronchi and thus the degree of restriction in the airways. The peak flow meter measures the patient’s maximum ability to expel air from the lungs, or peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR or PEF). Peak flow readings are higher when patients are well, and lower when the airways are constricted. From changes in recorded values, patients and doctors may determine lung functionality, severity of asthma symptoms, and treatment options. |
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| Peripheral Artery Disease | A collator for all disease caused by the obstruction of large peripheral arteries, which can result from atherosclerosis, inflammatory processes leading to stenosis, an embolism or thrombus formation |
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| Pharmacologic | related to the use of medications or drugs. For example, the management of COPD includes pharmacologic treatment with bronchodilators, steroids, etc, and non pharmacologic treatment with pulmonary rehabilitation |
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| Phlegm | thick, gluey, stringy mucus secreted in the respiratory passages as a result of inflammation, irritation or infection of the airways, and discharged through the mouth. (Often synonymous with mucus) |
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| Physiology | (in Greek physis = nature and logos = word) is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms |
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| Pleura | either of a pair of two-walled sacs of serous membrane that covers and protects the lung |
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| Pleural Cavity | the space between the two layers of pleura; the chest cavity |
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| Pleural Space | the fluid-filled “space” between the two pleural walls (visceral and parietal pleura |
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| Pneumothorax | accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity, occurring because of disease or injury; often referred to as a collapsed lung |
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| Polycythemia | too many red blood cells. The condition exists when the hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC) count, and total RBC volume are all above normal |
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| Postnasal Drip | flow of mucous secretion from the posterior part of the nasal cavity onto the wall of the pharynx occurring usually as a chronic accompaniment of an allergic state or a viral infection |
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| Productive Cough | a cough in which mucus or phlegm is dislodged, enabling a person to clear the lungs |
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| Protein | large molecules composed of one or more chains of amino acids in a specific order determined by the base sequence of nucleotides in the DNA coding for the protein |
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| Pulmonary Function Test | test designed to measure how well the lungs are working. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) gauge how the lungs are carrying out their tasks – of expanding and contracting (when a person inhales and exhales) and of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently between the air or other gases) within the lungs and the blood |
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| Pulmonary Hypertension | high blood pressure in the pulmonary artery that conveys blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. The pressure in the pulmonary artery is normally low compared to that in the aorta. Pulmonary hypertension can irrevocably damage the lungs and cause failure of the right ventricle |
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| Pulmonary Rehabilitation | usually a six to twelve week program that combines education with therapeutic exercise and functional activities, which will be individualized and designed to meet each patient’s needs. Pulmonary rehabilitation is an extremely important component of COPD management |
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| Receptor | In cell biology, a structure on the surface of a cell (or inside a cell) that selectively receives and binds a specific substance |
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| Refractory Hypoxemia | low blood oxygen levels which do not respond to conventional therapy. Low blood oxygen levels which are very hard to normalize and treat |
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| Rehabilitation | The process of restoration of skills by a person who has had an illness or injury so as to regain maximum self-sufficiency and function in a normal or as near normal manner as possible |
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| Rescue Medications | short-acting beta-agonists that work fast (within 10-20 minutes) to relieve shortness of breath but their duration of action is short (3-6 hours). They are called “rescue medications” because they are used to treat emergencies like an asthma attack |
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| Restrictive Lung Disease | Restrictive lung disease is a chronic disorder that causes a decrease in the ability to expand the lung (breathe in) and sometimes makes it harder to get enough oxygen to meet the body’s needs. The most common restrictive lung diseases are: - Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis/interstitial lung disease (including Sarcoidosis-granulomatous disorder)
- Extrapulmonary restrictive lung disease (including scoliosis)
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| Reversibility Test | A technique used to evaluate the bronchoconstriction component of COPD and also to differentiate Asthma from COPD. It is done by lung function testing (spirometry) before and after administration of a bronchodilator drug such as a beta-agonist |
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| Rheumatoid Arthritis | A chronic (long-term) disease that causes inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues. It can also affect other organs |
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| Screening | In general, this is the investigation of a great number of something (for instance, people) looking for those with a particular problem or feature. It is a strategy used to identify disease in an unsuspecting population. Unlike most medicine, in screening, tests are performed on those without any clinical indication of disease |
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Glossary V2.0 |
