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| Sinusitis | refers to inflammation of the sinuses. This is generally caused by a viral, bacterial, or fungal infection. The sinuses are air-filled spaces in the skull (behind the forehead, cheeks, and eyes) that are lined with mucous membranes. Healthy sinuses are sterile (meaning that they contain no bacteria or other organisms) and open, allowing mucus to drain and air to circulate. When inflamed, the sinuses become blocked with mucus and can become infected |
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| Sleep apnea | A disorder of interrupted breathing during sleep. It usually occurs in association with fat buildup or loss of muscle tone with aging. These changes allow the windpipe to collapse during breathing when muscles relax during sleep |
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| Sleep study | continuous recording of specific physiologic variables during sleep. Also known as polysomnography, which typically records brain wave changes (electroencephalogram), eye movements (electrooculogram), muscle tone (electromyogram), respiration, electrocardiogram (EKG), and leg movements. It is used to diagnose sleep disorders like sleep apnea |
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| Spacer | A device used by an asthmatic or a COPD person to increase the effectiveness of an inhaler. Spacers are specially designed plastic or metal tubes that fit an inhaler on one end, while the patient breathes normally on the other end |
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| Spirometry Test | noninvasive “breathing test” that determines how well a person’s lungs are working |
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| Sputum | Matter discharged from the air passages in diseases of the lungs, bronchi, or upper respiratory tract that contains mucus and often pus, blood, fibrin, or bacterial products |
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| Static Lung Volume | Tests that are often routinely ordered along with spirometry for patients with various chronic obstructive airway diseases |
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| Sternotomy | Lengthwise incision through the breastbone (sternum) that may be made when heart or lung surgery is performed |
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| Steroids | Any hormones, body constituents, and drugs are steroids. Thus, the term steroid may carry many meanings. For example, steroids may refer to the corticosteroid drugs such as prednisone used to reduce swelling, pain, and other symptoms of inflammation |
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| Stethoscope | Instrument used to transmit low-volume sounds such as the heartbeat (or intestinal, venous, or fetal sounds) to the ear of the listener. A stethoscope may consist of two earpieces connected by means of flexible tubing to a diaphragm placed against the skin of the patient |
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| Stroke | The sudden death of some brain cells due to lack of oxygen. Also known as cerebrovascular accident |
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| Supplemental Oxygen | oxygen delivered via a pressurized tank, a liquid system or a concentrator, which contain 95 percent oxygen. It is used to help patients with severe COPD and other chronic diseases breathe better. A flexible tube called a nasal canula is placed in the nostrils to ensure that patients get more oxygen in every breath |
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| T-lymphocyte | small white blood cell that plays a large role in defending the body against disease. T cells attack body cells themselves when they have been taken over by viruses or have become cancerous |
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| Tetracycline | broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by the streptomyces bacterium, indicated for use against many bacterial infections |
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| Theophyline | drug used to prevent and treat wheezing, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing caused by asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and other lung diseases. It relaxes and opens air passages in the lungs, making it easier to breathe |
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| Therapeutic | from therapy; is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a diagnosis |
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| Thrush | fungal infection also known as candidiasis or yeast infection, affecting the mouth or vagina |
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| Wheezing | the sound made by air moving through partially obstructed airways like in asthma and sometimes COPD |
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| White blood cells | one of the cells the body makes to help fight infections. There are several types of white blood cells. The two most common types are the lymphocytes and neutrophils (also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMNs, or “polys”) |
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Glossary V2.0 |
